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The Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică)) is a sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church, in full union with the Roman Catholic Church. It has the rank of a Major Archiepiscopal Church and it uses the Byzantine liturgical rite in the Romanian language. Since 1994, Cardinal Lucian Mureșan, Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia serves as head of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church. On December 16, 2005, as the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic was elevated to the rank of a Major Archiepiscopal Church by Benedict XVI, Lucian Mureșan became its first Major Archbishop. Mureşan was eventually created a cardinal, at the Consistory of February 18, 2012. Besides the Archeparchy of Fǎgǎraș and Alba Iulia, there are five more Greek-Catholic eparchies in Romania: (Eparchy of Oradea Mare, Eparchy of Cluj-Gherla, Eparchy of Lugoj, Eparchy of Maramureș and Eparchy of Saint Basil the Great of Bucharest),〔(Romanian Catholic site )〕 as well as one eparchy overseas, the Romanian Catholic Eparchy of St George's in Canton, answering directly to the Major Archbishop and the Holy See, in the United States of America and Canada.〔(Romanian Catholic Eparchy of St George's in Canton )〕 According to data published in the 2012 ''Annuario Pontificio'', the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church had 663,807 members, 8 bishops, 1250 parishes, some 791 diocesan priests and 235 seminarians of its own rite at the end of 2012.〔 Information sourced from ''Annuario Pontificio'' 2012 edition〕 However, according to the 2011 Romanian government census, the number of its followers living in Romania was as low as 150,593, of which 124,563 are ethnic Romanians.〔(2011 Romanian census official data ).〕 The dispute over this figure is mentioned in the United States Department of State report on religious freedom in Romania.〔(International Religious Freedom Report 2005 ) United States Department of State〕 In addition, there are five other Catholic dioceses in Romania, belonging to the Latin Church, whose members are more numerous. ==History== Following the Habsburg conquest of Transylvania in 1687, Metropolitan Atanasie Anghel entered into full communion with the See of Rome by the Act of Union of 1698, that was formalized by a synod of bishops on September 4, 1700.〔''The Harper Collins Encyclopedia of Catholicism'' (New York: Harper Collins, 1995) 1132.〕 By entering into the Union, Atanasie and the other bishops, along with their respective dioceses accepted the supreme authority of the Pope, while at the same time being granted the right to keep their own Greek Byzantine liturgical rite. A Diploma issued by the Emperor Leopold I declared that Transylvania's Romanian Orthodox Church is one with the Roman Catholic Church. Transylvanian Romanians were therefore encouraged to convert to Catholicism and join the newly created Greek-Catholic Church, while being able to retain the Byzantine rite, if at the same time they accepted four doctrinal points promulgated by the Council of Florence (1431 and 1445): the supreme authority of the Pope over the entire church; the existence of Purgatory; the Filioque clause; and the validity of the use of unleavened bread in the celebration of the Eucharist in the Latin Church (Eastern Orthodox had contended that Roman Catholic use of unleavened bread was erroneous). The step undertaken by Metropolitan Atanasie Anghel and his Holy Synod obtained for the ethnic Romanians of Transylvania (then a vassal to the Habsburg Empire) equal rights with those of the other Transylvanian nations, which were part of the Unio Trium Nationum: (the Hungarian nobility, the Transylvanian Saxons and the Székely). This event coincided with the arrival of the Jesuits in Transylvania, who attempted to align this province more closely with Western Europe. However, most of Romanians were not willing to convert,〔http://www.unitarius.hu/english/dates2.html〕 and this in turn led to the formation of Romanian Orthodox movements that advocated for freedom of worship for the entire Transylvanian population – most notable the movements led by Visarion Sarai, Nicolae Oprea Miclăuş and Sofronie of Cioara, under the influence of the dominant Serbian Church. In 1721, the Bishop's Residence was moved from Alba Iulia to Făgăraș, and eventually to Blaj (1737). Following this change, Blaj became a center of learning and national awakening for all Romanians.〔Harper-Collins Encyclopedia of Catholicism, 1132; James Niessen, "The Greek Catholic Church and the Romanian Nation in Transylvania," in John-Paul Himka, James T. Flynn, James Niessen, eds. ''Religious Compromise, Political Salvation: the Greek Catholic Church and Nation-building in Eastern Europe'' (Pittsburgh: Carl Beck Papers, 1993). (ordered via USMAI); received Wednesday, March 11, 2009): 49-51〕 In 1761, Petru Pavel Aron (1709–1764), the Bishop of Făgăraș and head of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, translated ''Biblia Vulgata'' into Romanian. While the Romanian Orthodox kept Church Slavonic as the official liturgical language till 1863, the Romanian Church United with Rome has been using the Romanian vernacular ever since its inception. In the 19th century, during a time when the Hungarian government was pursuing a Magyarization policy in Transylvania, the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church, with the aid of the Transylvanian School ''(Școala Ardeleană)'' and the Transylvanian Memorandum, played a prominent role in resisting ethnic assimilation attempts. Moreover, many leading figures of the Romanian emancipation movement in Transylvania, such as Simion Bărnuțiu and Iuliu Maniu, began their careers as lay servants of the Greek-Catholic Church. Additional Greek-Catholic Eparchies were eventually set up at Oradea (1777), as well as Gherla and Lugoj (1853); Blaj, under the title of Eparchy of Alba Iulia and Făgăraș, became the Metropolitan (i.e. Archiepiscopal) See. On December 16, 2005, the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church was elevated to the rank of Major Archiepiscopal Church. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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